Explain band theory of conductors semiconductors and insulators.




According to band theory, solid matters are classified based on some energy levels into three, conductors, semiconductors and insulators..
 The conductors has only two band or energy level, the conduction band and the valence band, the conduction band are full of electrons while the valence band has few electrons, conductors has no band gap, the conduction and valence band are merged.
  Semiconductors are solid with their conductivity between that of a good conductor and good insulator, they have  three energy band, the conduction band, the valence band and the forbidden gap. The energy gap in semiconductors is very narrow that little energy  can overcome it.
 The insulators have their  forbidden gap so wide that no amount of energy can make them bridge the conduction band and the valence band.

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