This type of decay is beta decay,
When a beta decay occur a proton decays into a
neutron, an electron and an electron neutrino
The atomic number of the parent nucleus decreases by one, we know that
an atomic number is the number of protons in the atoms of an element, this
protons are positively charged.
Hence this is why in nuclear physics the number of protons are not referred to as
atomic number but are called nuclear charges,
Therefore the overall charge of the
the atom decreases when a protons changes to a neutron.
On the the other hand the daughter nucleus
formed has more protons than the parent nuclei and hence the more nuclear
charges,
See the example below
234 90Th
→ 234 91Ac + 0 -1e
The daughter
nucleus is actinium-234 with nuclear charge of 91 while the parent nucleus is torium-234 with nuclear charge of 90, the daughter nucleus has more charge
than the parent nucleus.
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