Calculations in Gamma Ray Geophysics


Gamma ray spectroscopy
Gamma ray radiometry is a geological tool use to estimate the concentration of radioactive element in the earth (given place). Radiometry measures the level of radioactive element in any sample given; the property take into consideration is the amount of gamma ray emission.
Gamma rays are originated from the natural decay of rocks and soils.  The most penetrative of all type of ray, move at the speed of light and can move several hundredths of meters in air.  By using a low-flying aircraft, the radioactivity of the earth can be measured. Gamma ray spectroscopy is great geological mapping tool, it can detect all mineral deposits underground in any given earth. With airborne Gamma ray radiometry a low-flying aircraft with elevation of 50-150 meter above can and measure the data after each 50-60m along flight line. (1)
All rocks and soil types have unique concentration of natural radioelement like potassium, uranium and thorium, changes in soil or rock type result to change in concentrations of these radioelement. Gamma ray emitted from each of potassium, uranium or thorium has its characteristic energy, therefore easy to identify what radionuclide(either potassium, thorium or uranium)  the ray originate. By knowing the nature of the ray and its concentration, the rock or soil type can be detected.
The reading s are taken when gamma ray makes contact with a crystal that emits scintillation when in interaction with the gamma ray. A photomultiplier  convert the scintillation to a voltage that is directly proportional to energy of the gamma and finally datas are converted to ground radioelement ray concentrations.(2)
Gamma ray spectroscopy is mostly used for uranium, hydrocarbon, groundwater, geothermal and mineral investigations.  It is a good mapping tool for environmental mapping  and mineral explorations.
in a sample of rocks with concentration of both radioactive and stable in a given ratio,  how can we calculate the age of the rock,  assuming the rock was formed when time =0,


 
                                                                                                              (1)Austrlian govt. geoscience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     (2)GeoExplo LTdaA




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