for gamma radiation, what stops its penetrating abilities?
Gamma radiation can
only be stopped by a thick concrete of a block
A gamma radiation has the highest energy and it
is the most penetrating, it can pass
through thin of paper , aluminum human skin etc , it can only be stopped by a
thick concrete of aluminum block.
A better particle is also highly penetrating
but not as much as that of alpha, it can pass through thin sheet of paper, move several hundredths of centimeters in air but can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum.
While an alpha ray is the least penetrating it
can be stopped by a a sheet of paper and only raveled few centimeters into the
air.
which type of radiation has the lowest penetrating ability?
The radiation with the lowest penetrating
ability is alpha ray,
It is the most massive and most ionizing, it
can easily be stopped by a thin sheet of paper.
The large mass of alpha particle makes its length passage through other matter very minutes, the
alpha particle is equivalent to the size of a helium nucleus, it a mass
of about 4 amu , it hs to protons and two neutrons compared to beta particle which
is just an electron and a gamma it it completely massless .
It large
charge make it highly ionizing, this is why it can easily ionize any substance
it come into contact with it.
It penetrate least because anytime it come
into contact with other matter, it has to release loses energy due to friction
and charge ionization
The large mass and large charge makes an alpha
particle the least penetrating .
for beta radiation, what stops its penetrating abilities?
a beta particle can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum, it has minutes mass, just
a mass of electron and a charge of negative one.
It small mass allows it move several centimeters
in air and other to penetrate other matter with less friction that will consume
the its energy,
It little charge makes it to ionize with
particle it come in contact with it,
when a beta particle had a contact with a
substance it loses some energy use to ionization, this is why it doesn’t
penetrate much into other matter.
The charge and mass of beta particle affect
the ability of the beta particle to easily pass through matter like gamma.
Gamma has no charge or mass, therefore it
doesn’t have any friction or ionizes matter when it passes through.
what percentage of a radioactive species would be found as daughter material after five half-lives?
When a
radioactive specie undergo a half-life, it loses it original mass by half or by
50 percent and will be left by half r 50%.
After the 1st half life we wil be
left wit 50% of the original mass
After a second
halflife, we will be left with 25% of the orginal mass, half of the
remaning 50 percent will also decay by half. We have now lost 75% of the orinal
mass after two half life .
After the third half , 50% of the remain 25%
will also go and we will be left with 12.5% , we have lost 87.5% of the original
mass.
After
another halflife 50% of the remaining 12.5%
will also decay and we will be left
with 6.25% therefore 93.75% of the original mass has disappeared.
At the 5th halflife half of the
remaining 6.25% will also disappear and we will be left with 3.125%.
can two atoms with the same mass be isotopes of each other
two atoms with the same atomic number but different
mass number are called isotopes, atoms with the same masses but different mass numbers are called
isobars.
Two atoms with the atom with the same number
of protons but different number of
neutron are what are called isotopes. The isotopy occur due to difference in
the number of neutron between the two
atoms.
Two atom with the same atomic number but and same mass number cannot be called isotopes
but a single atom.
do all isotopes of an element have the same atomic number
all isotopes of the same element have the same
atomic number, they have same number of protons in their nucleus and exhibit the
same chemical properties.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom is the atomic number while the sum
of the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is the mass number.
What cause isotopy in an element is the
difference in the number of neutrons between two or more of its atoms, his is nothing but just the difference in te
numbr of neutrons.
Therefore all isotopes of an element have the
same atomic number , all isotopes of the
same element have different mass number.
All isotopes of the same element have
different nuclear properties.
in a neutral atom how does the number of electrons compared to the number of protons
in a neutral atom, atom that is not ionized,
in other words , a neutral atom is any atom that does accept or reject any
electron.
A neutral
atoms have equal number of protons to electrons and protons, the electrons are negatively charge and the protons are
positively charged.
For an atom to be electrically neutral, the
negative and the positve must cancel-out. In other word each protons has a charge
of + one and each electron has a charge of -1,
Therefore if we have 20 protons, we have + 20
charges and we will need like -20 charges to cancel-out all the charges and have
a neutral atom.
can two atoms with the same mass number ever be isotopes of each other
atoms with
the same atomic mass can never be isotopes to each other, but can only be isobars
atoms with different atomic number but the same mass number, isobars. Isobars are
created by beta, positron decays and
electron captures.
All these
process increases or decreases atomic number of the original atoms but the mass number
remain constant, the new atoms formed therefore have the same mass number with
the original atoms while having different
atomic numbers.
235 92u+10n→azba+9436kr+310n enter the isotope symbol for the barium (ba) nucleus in this reaction.
Let us write the equation first
23592U+1
0n→azBa+9436Kr+310n
For a nuclear equation to be balanced, the
superscript and the subscript must on the left hand side and the right hand
side must be equal, in other words the sum of the atomic number on the left hand side must be
equal to sum of the atomic numbers on the right hand side and the sum of the
mass numbers on the left hand side must be equal to the sum of the mass numbers
on the right hand side.
The nuclear equation above the super script,
we have
235 +1 =a+94+3(1)
236 = 97 +a
Therefore,
a=236-97= 139
and for the subscript
we have
92 +0 = z + 36+
3(0)
92= 36+z
Z = 92-36
Z= 56
Therefore the above equation can be rewritten
as
23592U+1
0n→13956Ba+9436Kr+310n
13956Ba
enter the nucleus that produces bismuth-211 by beta decay.
Let us write the decay equation first
? →211 83Bi + 0 -1e
During a beta decay , a neutron decayed into a proton, the atomic
number increases by one while the mass number decreases by remain unchanged, the daughter nuclide formed
will have an atomic number greater than that of the parent nuclide by one.
From the above equation the daughter nuclide
is bismuth with atomic number of 83, the
parent nuclide will have an atomic number of 82 and the atom that fit the above
description is lead
We can therefore , rewrite the above equation
as follows
21182Pb→ 21183Bi + 0 -1e
give the symbol for a neutron.
This the symbol of neutron
10n
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