Laws of
physics
1. Newton’s laws of motion
i) The 1st law of states that
body will continue to be in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line unless an external force is applied.
ii) The 2nd law of motion states that the rate of change
of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external fore and take
place in the direction of the force, f= ma
iii) The Newton’s 3rd law of
motion states that to every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.
2) The laws of thermodynamics.
a) The 1st law states that
The total thermodynamic state of a system is equal to zero.
b) The 2nd law of
thermodynamics states that In a cyclic
process enthropy will either increase or remain the same, In terms of energy conservation
it states that energy transformation is not hundred percent efficient. In terms
of refrigerator it states it is not possible for heat to flow from colder body
to a warmer body without any work to accomplish the flow .
c) 3rd law states that as system
tend to absolute temperature (zero Kelvin) its entropy tend to zero.
3) The newton’s universal gravitational
law states that the force of attraction between two masses M1 and M2 is
directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional
to the distance r separating them.
4) The dalton’s law of partial pressure
the total pressure in given mixture of a gas is equal to the sum of the
individual partial pressure of the gasses.
5) Laws of radioactivity states that the
rate of disintegration of a given sample at any instant is directly
proportional to the number of atoms present at that instant.
6) The zeroth law of thermodynamics
states that if two system are in thermal equilibrium with a third body they are
also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
7) The laws of reflection of states that
a) The incidence angle , the reflected
angle are equal.
b) The incidence ray, the reflected ray
and the normal lie on the same plane at the point of incidence.
8) The Snell’s law of refraction states
that for ray travelling from one medium to another, the ratio of the sine of angle of incidence
sin(i) to that of the refraction is sin(r) is equal to the refractive index n
of the 2nd medium.
9) Coulomb’s lawstate that the force of
attraction between two charges Q1 and Q2 is directly proportional to the
product of their charges and inversely proportional to their separation r.
10)
Ampere’s
law states that the line integral between a magnetic curve of closed loop is
equal to the algebraic sum of electric current flowing through the curve.
11)
Bio-sarvat
law states that for very short length dl
of a conductor , carrying a steady current I, the magnitude of the flux density
db is given by
dB α idlsinθ/r .
12)
Boyles
law states that for a fixed mass of a gas the volume is inversely proportional
to the pressure provided temperature is constant.
13)
Charles
law states the volume of fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional
temperature provided pressure is constant,
14)
The
pressure law states that the pressure of fixed mass of a gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature provided volume is constant.
15)
Ideal gas law states that at standard
temperature and pressure , PV=nrt where
P is pressure, T is temperature, n is number of gas mole, V is volume and R is
molar gas constant.
16)
The
total charge of closed system remain constant.
17)
Law
of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor
destroyed.
18)
Law
of conservation of energy state that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed.
19)
Law
of conservation of mass states that the total mass of a closed system is
constant.
20)
Law
of conservation of linear momentum states that the total linear momentum of a
closed system is constant.
21)
Law
of conservation of angular momentum, the total angular momentum of a closed
system is constant.
22)
Brags
law states that when a beam of x-ray strikes a crystal surface, the maximum intensity of the reflected
ray occur is when 2dsinθ=nλ, where d is
the distance between the atoms or ion of the crystal, θ is the angle of incidence, λ is the
wavelength .
23)
Hookes
law states that the deformation of an elastic spring is directly proportional
to the force load provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
24)
Faraday’s
1st law of electrolysis states
that the amount of charge deposited is directly proportional to the charge
passed.
25)
Faradya’s
2nd law of electrolysis states that the charge Q required to deposit
a mass or liberate a mass is m is proportional to the charge z of the ion, the
mass and inversely proportional to the
relative ionic mass M.
26)
Len’z
law states that an induced electric current flow in a direction to oppose the
change producing it.
27)
Gaus law states that the magnetic flux through
a closed surface is zero.
28)
Ampere’s
law states that the line integral of the magnetic field around a closed curve
is proportional to algebraic sum of the current flowing and the instantaneous
time rate of change of electric flux through a surface bounded by the curve.
29)
The
keplers law of planetary motion
a) The path of the planet about th sun
is elliptical in shape, with center of the sun located at one of the foci.
b) An imaginery line drawn from the
center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in
equal interval of time.
c) The ratio of the squares of the
periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cube of their average
distance from the sun .
30)
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