38 facts summarized from quark theory of elementary particles

38 facts summarized from quark theory of elementary particles

1.     Quarks are fundamental particle.

2.     Quarks are fermionic because the y are subjected to pauli exclusion principle.

3.     The four fundamental particles of nature are quarks,  antiquarks, leptons and antileptons.

4.     When quarks and anti quarks meet they annihilate each other and produce photons.

5.     When particle and its antiparticle meet they  each other producing a photon.

6.     When antiproton and positron meet they form antihydroden.

7.     When electron and positron meet they destroy themselves just like -1 and +1 =0.

8.     Neutron is formed from quarks while antineutron is formed from antiquarks.

9.     The symbol for quarks is q.

10.                        Quarks are affected by all the fundamental forces of nature, namely gravity, electromagnetic  , strong and weak nuclear forces.

11.                        Quarks have three generations, first, second and third generations.

12.                        Three types of quarks are up quarks, down quarks, charm and strange quarks and finally top and bottom quarks.

13.                        The top quarks is the most massive fundamental particle.

14.                        Both protons and neutrons are made up of three  quarks.

15.                        They  combine to form constitute particle called hadrons.

16.                        They  are the only fundamental particles to have all fundamental  forces.

17.                        Heavier quarks decays into lighter ones(up and downs).

18.                        The up quark is the lightest in mass and fall into the first generations of quarks.

19.                        Up and down quarks are the first generation, charm and strange are the second generation while top and bottom are the third generation.

20.                        Two up quark and one down quarks constitute a proton.

21.                        One up quark and two down quarks constitute the neutron.

22.                        Antiquarks have same properties but opposite electrical charge with quarks.

23.                        Quarks where discovered by slac.

24.                        The electrical charge on up quarks is  + 2/3  electron charge  and on the down quark is -1/3 electron charge.

25.                        Quarks do not exist independently but confined in hadrons.

26.                        Charm quark is the third most massive of all quarks.

27.                        All quarks are subjected to pauli exclusion principle.

28.                        Out all baryons  formed from quarks only proton and neutrons are stable.

29.                        Pauli exclusion principle sates at no two identical  fermion  can occupy same quantum state at same time.

30.                        Hadrons are formed as a result of attractions between quarks and is a bound state of quarks.

31.                        Baryons has three quarks for example protons.

32.                        .

33.                        Mesons have one  quarks and antiquarks, e.g pions.

34.                        Third generation quarks are unstable while 1^st generation quarks are stable but less massive.

35.                        Heavier quarks are only produced in high energy collisions e.g cosmic rays.

36.                        1^st  generation quarks exist in nature unlike third generations .

37.                        How will the universe be if its ade of antimatters instead of matters.

38.                        Quark model was independently proposed by  gell- mann.

39.