By What Process Are The Majority Carriers Produced

Majority charge carriers in a semiconductor are produced in a process called doping, there are positive holes in p-type and negative electrons in n-types.

 To produce electrons as majority carriers, an intrinsic semiconductor has to be doped with a donor impurity (pentavalent atoms). This doping will produce an excess of electrons which will act as a majority carriers.

 To produce a hole as a majority carrier we need to use an acceptor dopant or trivalent atoms. P-doping will produce a p-type semiconductor with holes as the majority charge carriers, when a voltage is applied across the semiconductor the majority carriers flow as current.